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一、Cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和假造机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。
Cobbler可以利用下令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开辟利用。
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,长处是比力轻易设置,还自带web界面比力易于管理。
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级设置管理体系,但它也支持和别的设置管理体系集成,如Puppet,临时不支持SaltStack。
cobbler集成的服务PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM堆栈管理
TFTP(PXE启动时必要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart设置)
二、安装cobbler
2.1 情况阐明
[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@Cobbler ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
[root@Cobbler ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@Cobbler ~]# hostname -I
10.0.0.202 172.16.1.202
yum源阐明:
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
2.2 利用yum安装cobbler
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd阐明:cobbler是依靠与epel源下载
2.3 cobbler语法查抄前先启动http与cobbler
systemctl start httpd.service
systemctl start cobblerd.service
cobbler check2.4 举行语法查抄
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.2.5 办理当中的报错
下令集
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#\1\"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'`\"#" /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
systemctl start rsyncd
systemctl enable rsyncd
systemctl enable tftp.socket
systemctl start tftp.socket
systemctl restart cobblerd.service
sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
cobbler sync
详解
办理1、2
cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings
题目3
sed 's#yes#no#g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp -i
4 下载包所需的软件包
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
[root@Cobbler ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
COPYING.elilo elilo-ia64.efi menu.c32 yaboot
COPYING.syslinux grub-x86_64.efi pxelinux.0
COPYING.yaboot grub-x86.efi README
5 启动rsync服务
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service
6 debian相干无需修改
7 修改安装完成后的root暗码
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'
random-phrase-here 随机字符串
your-password-here 暗码
示例
[root@Cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'OLDBOY' '123456'
$1$OLDBOY$LpJk4x1cplibx3q/O4O/K/
管理dhcp
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
防止重装
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
修改dhcp模板
sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
cobbler组设置文件位置
/etc/cobbler/settings
留意:修改完成之后要利用cobbler sync 举行同步,否则不见效。
2.6 修改之后
再次查抄语法:
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
重启全部服务
systemctl restart httpd.service
systemctl restart cobblerd.service
systemctl restart dhcpd.service
systemctl restart rsyncd.service
systemctl restart tftp.socket
到此cobbler就安装完成,下面举行web界面的操纵。
三、cobbler的web及界面操纵
欣赏器访问http://10.0.0.202/cobbler_web
留意CentOS7中cobbler只支持https访问。
账号暗码默认均为cobbler
3.1 操纵阐明--导入镜像
1)在假造机上添加上镜像
2)挂载上镜像
[root@Cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@Cobbler ~]# df -h |grep mnt
/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt
3)举行导入镜像
选择Import DVD 输入Prefix(文件前缀),Arch(版本),Breed(品牌),Path(要从什么地方导入)
在导入镜像的时间要留意路径,防止循环导入。
信息设置好后,点击run,即可举行导入。
导入过程利用rsync举行导入,三个历程消散表现导入完毕
[root@Cobbler mnt]# ps -ef |grep rsync
root 12026 1 0 19:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach
root 13554 11778 12 19:51 ? 00:00:06 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 13555 13554 0 19:51 ? 00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 13556 13555 33 19:51 ? 00:00:17 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
root 13590 10759 0 19:52 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto rsync
检察日记可以发现右running历程
日记位于 Events
导入完成后天生的文件夹
[root@Cobbler ks_mirror]# pwd
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
[root@Cobbler ks_mirror]# ls
CentOS7.4-x86_64 config
3.2 创建一台空缺假造机,举行测试网路安装
留意:假造机的内存不能小于2G,网卡的设置要包管网络互通
启动假造机
启动假造机即可发现会有cobbler的选择界面
选择CentOS7.4即可举行安装,安装过程与光盘安装同等,这里就不在复述。
四、定制化安装操纵体系4.1 添加内核参数
1)检察导入的镜像,点击edit
2)在内核参数中添加net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
可以或许让表现的网卡变为eth0 ,而不是CentOS7中的ens33
修改完成后点击生存
4.2 检察镜像属性
4.3 编写ks文件
1)创建新的ks文件
2)添加ks文件,并设置文件名
创建完成后点击Save举行生存
CentOS7 ks设置文件参考
1 # Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by oldboy
2 install
3 url --url=$tree
4 text
5 lang en_US.UTF-8
6 keyboard us
7 zerombr
8 bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
9 #Network information
10 $SNIPPET('network_config')
11 #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS7
12 timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
13 authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
14 rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
15 clearpart --all --initlabel
16 part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024
17 part swap --size 1024
18 part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
19 firstboot --disable
20 selinux --disabled
21 firewall --disabled
22 logging --level=info
23 reboot
24
25 %pre
26 $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
27 $SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
28 $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
29 # Enable installation monitoring
30 $SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
31 %end
32
33 %packages
34 @^minimal
35 @compat-libraries
36 @core
37 @debugging
38 @development
39 bash-completion
40 chrony
41 dos2unix
42 kexec-tools
43 lrzsz
44 nmap
45 sysstat
46 telnet
47 tree
48 vim
49 wget
50 %end
51
52 %post
53 systemctl disable postfix.service
54 %end
4.4 自界说安装体系
1)选择systems 创建一个新的体系
2)界说体系信息
3)设置全局网络信息
主机名、网关、DNS
4)设置网卡信息,eth0,eth1
必要留意,选择static静态,
以上的全部设置完成后,点击Save举行生存
附录:
VMware workstation中检察假造机mac地点的方法。在假造机设置中。
cobbler web 界面阐明
五、安装假造机5.1 开启假造机
假如之前的设置就表现安装进度
5.2 安装完成举行查抄
六、cobbler利用常见错误6.1 cobbler check报错
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;color: #F82375;word-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;"module/span>
sys.exit(app.main())
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 662, in main
rc = cli.run(sys.argv)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 269, in run
self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1233, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1587, in __request
verbose=self.__verbose
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1273, in request
return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1306, in single_request
return self.parse_response(response)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1482, in parse_response
return u.close()
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 794, in close
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpclib.Fault:
办理办法
systemctl restart httpd.service
systemctl restart cobblerd.service
cobbler check6.2 No space left on device
出现这个错误的缘故原由是假造机的内存不敷2G,将内存调为2G即可(这个错误只会出如今CentOS7.3之上)
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